Test 2 will cover the material presented in modules 4-6 and in the sub-module multi-electron atoms.

You must be able to:

• Explain the basic principles of NMR spectroscopy and perform simple calculations involving the resonance frequency and the spin relaxation time.
• Predict some of the properties of multi-electron atoms.
• Describe the essential features of a LASER.
• Describe how energy quantization and the fact that elementary particles of the same type are indistinguishable leads to some observable effects in large systems such as superfluidity, Bose-Einstein condensation, the incompressibility of matter and white dwarfs.
  You must be able to calculate the probability that a particle (distinguishable, boson, or fermion) is in a uniquely defined quantum state with energy E.
• Describe the differences between insulators, conductors, semi-conductors and doped semiconductors as far as conduction is concerned.  Also describe the properties of a pn-junction and light-emitting diodes.
• Describe the static properties of nuclei and the radioactive decay of certain nuclei.  You must be able to interpret the chart of the nuclides and a the binding energy versus mass number chart.  You must be able to work problems involving radioactive decay.  You must be familiar with different decay modes of nuclei, such as alpha, beta, and gamma decay.
• Describe features of the collective model and the shell model of the nucleus.
• Describe fission, fusion, and principles of nuclear energy generation.  You must be able to find the energy released, given the initial and final nuclei in fission and fusion processes.
• Classify particles as bosons, fermions, hadrons, baryons, mesons and leptons.  You also must be familiar with some additive conserved quantum numbers and check if certain reactions would violate conservation laws.
• List the fundamental particles of the standard model and look up their properties in tables.